Nkwadebe nke
N'ihi ọrụ siri ike nke Calcium metal, bụ nke electrolytic gbazere calcium chloride ma ọ bụ calcium hydroxide mepụtara ya n'oge gara aga. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, usoro mbelata ejirila nke nta nke nta bụrụ ụzọ bụ isi na-emepụta Calcium metal.
Usoro mbelata bụ iji aluminom metal iji belata lime n'okpuru agụụ na oke okpomọkụ, wee mezie iji nweta calcium.
Usoro mbelata na-ejikarị nkume nzu dị ka akụrụngwa, calcium oxide calcined na aluminom ntụ ntụ dị ka onye na-ebelata ihe.
A na-agwakọta calcium oxide na ntụ ntụ aluminom ahụ n'otu n'otu, tinye ya n'ime ngọngọ, wee meghachi omume n'okpuru oghere 0.01 na okpomọkụ 1050-1200 . Na-emepụta calcium vapor na calcium aluminate.
Usoro mmeghachi omume bụ: 6CaO 2Alâ3Ca 3CaOâ¢Al2O3
Uzuoku calcium belatara na-ama jijiji na 750-400 Celsius. A na-agbaze calcium crystalline ma tụba ya n'okpuru nchebe nke argon iji nweta nnukwu calcium ingot.
Ọnụego mgbake nke calcium nke a na-emepụta site na usoro mbelata bụ ihe dịka 60%.
N'ihi na usoro nkà na ụzụ ya dịkwa mfe, usoro mbelata bụ ụzọ bụ isi maka imepụta calcium dara n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Ọkụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị nwere ike iru ebe mgbaze nke calcium dara, ya mere ọ ga-eme ka combustion nke calcium dara.
Ihe mbụ electrolysis bụ ụzọ kọntaktị, nke e mesịrị mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma na mmiri mmiri cathode electrolysis.
W. Rathenau bu ụzọ tinye electrolysis kọntaktị na 1904. Electrolyte eji bụ ngwakọta nke CaCl2 na CaF2. A na-ejikọta anode nke cell electrolytic na carbon dị ka graphite, na cathode bụ ígwè.
Calcium mebiri emebi na-ese n'ọkụ na-ese n'elu electrolyte na condenses na cathode na kọntaktị na cathode ígwè. Ka electrolysis na-aga n'ihu, cathode na-ebili otú ahụ, calcium na-etolite mkpanaka yiri karọt na cathode.
Ọdịmma dị n'ichepụta calcium site na usoro kọntaktị bụ: nnukwu oriri nke akụrụngwa, nnukwu solubility nke Calcium Metal na electrolyte, arụ ọrụ dị ala ugbu a, na àgwà ngwaahịa adịghị mma (ihe dịka 1% chlorine).
Usoro cathode mmiri mmiri na-eji ọla kọpa-calcium alloy (nwere 10% -15% calcium) dị ka cathode mmiri mmiri na electrode graphite dị ka anode. A na-edobe calcium na-emebi emebi eletrọnịkị na cathode.
A na-eji ígwè nkedo mee shei nke cell electrolytic. Eletrọt bụ ngwakọta nke CaCl2 na KCI. A na-ahọrọ ọla kọpa dị ka ngwakọta alloy nke cathode mmiri mmiri n'ihi na enwere mpaghara ebe mgbaze dị ala na mpaghara ọdịnaya calcium dị elu na eserese oge ọla kọpa-calcium, yana ọla kọpa-calcium alloy nwere ọdịnaya calcium nke 60% -65. Enwere ike ịkwadebe % n'okpuru 700 Celsius.
N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi obere ikuku vapor nke ọla kọpa, ọ dị mfe ikewa n'oge distillation. Na mgbakwunye, ọla kọpa-calcium alloys nwere 60%-65% calcium nwere njupụta dị elu (2.1-2.2g/cm³), nke nwere ike hụ na ọ dị mma delamination na electrolyte. Ọdịnaya calcium na cathode alloy ekwesịghị gafere 62%-65%. Ọrụ dị ugbu a bụ ihe dịka 70%. Ihe oriri CaCl2 kwa kilogram nke calcium bụ kilogram 3.4-3.5.
A na-edobe alloy ọla kọpa-calcium nke electrolysis na-emepụta na mgbaze nke ọ bụla n'okpuru ọnọdụ 0.01 Torr vacuum na 750-800 okpomọkụ iji wepụ adịghị agbanwe agbanwe dị ka potassium na sodium.
Mgbe ahụ, nke abụọ agụụ distillation na-rụrụ na 1050-1100 Celsius C, calcium na condensed na crystallized na elu akụkụ nke distillation tank, na ihe fọdụrụ na ọla kọpa (nwere 10% -15% calcium) na-ahapụ na ala nke distillation. tank wee laghachi na electrolyzer maka ojiji.
Calcium crystalline ewepụtara bụ calcium ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nwere ọkwa nke 98%-99%. Ọ bụrụ na mkpokọta sodium na magnesium n'ime akụrụngwa CaCl2 erughị 0.15%, enwere ike ịgbaze ọla kọpa-calcium alloy otu ugboro iji nweta calcium dara nwere ọdịnaya nke â¥99%.
Enwere ike nweta calcium dị oke ọcha site n'ịgwọ calcium ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe site na nnukwu nkwụsịtụ oghere. N'ozuzu, a na-achịkwa okpomọkụ nke distillation ka ọ bụrụ 780-820 ° C, na ogo agụụ bụ 1 × 10-4. Ọgwụgwọ distillation adịchaghị irè maka ihicha chlorides na calcium.
Enwere ike ịgbakwunye nitride n'okpuru okpomọkụ distillation iji mepụta nnu abụọ n'ụdị CanCloNp. Nnu okpukpu abụọ a nwere obere ikuku ikuku na ọ naghị adị ngwa ngwa ma na-anọgide na ihe fọdụrụnụ nke distillation.
Site n'ịgbakwụnye nitrogen ogige na-asachapụ site na agụụ distillation, nchikota nke adịghị ọcha ọcha chlorine, manganese, ọla kọpa, ígwè, silicon, aluminum na nickel na calcium nwere ike ibelata na 1000-100ppm, na elu-ọcha calcium nke 99.9%-99.99% enwere ike nweta.
Apụpụ ma ọ bụ tụgharịa n'ime mkpanaka na efere, ma ọ bụ bee n'ime obere iberibe ma tinye ya n'ime akpa ikuku.
Dị ka ụzọ nkwadebe atọ ndị dị n'elu si dị, a pụrụ ịhụ na usoro nbelata ahụ nwere usoro nkà na ụzụ dị mfe, na-eri obere ume ma na-ewe obere oge, ọ dịkwa mma maka mmepụta mmepụta ihe nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Ya mere, usoro mbelata bụ ụzọ bụ isi maka mmepụta nke Calcium Metal n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
